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A Comprehensive Review of Red-Light Violation Warnings and Green Light Optimal-Speed Advisory Systems in V2X-Enabled CAVs

Santhosh Krishnan Venkata , Sandesh Raghupathyrao Sreesha

Published
June 12, 2026

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Pages 308-330

DOI

Open Access
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Abstract

The advancement of connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies has significantly accelerated the development and deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, which are essential for enhancing traffic connectivity and safety. Among the prominent applications, red-light violation warning (RLVW) and green light optimal speed advisory (GLOSA) systems have emerged as key innovations, drawing interdisciplinary interest from computer science, intelligent transport systems (ITS), civil engineering, and electronics. The RLVW system uses CAV capabilities to monitor and analyse driver braking behavior in response to traffic signal changes, aiming to reduce red-light violations and improve intersection safety. In contrast, the GLOSA system offers speed recommendations and estimates time to the next green signal, thereby contributing to reduced fuel consumption, lower CO₂ emissions, and enhanced driving efficiency. Both systems rely on signal phase and timing (SPaT) and map data message (MAP) protocols to transmit real-time traffic signal information and intersection geometry from roadside units (RSUs) to on-board units (OBUs). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the operational principles, benefits, and limitations of RLVW and GLOSA systems and identifies key research gaps that warrant further investigation to support the future evolution of V2X-enabled traffic management solutions.

Keywords

Connected Autonomous Vehicles; Red-Light Violation Warning (RLVW); Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA); Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT); Map Data Message (MAP)

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Published June 12, 2026
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Copyright Copyright (c) 2026 Santhosh Krishnan Venkata, Sandesh R. S.
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Keywords
  • Connected Autonomous Vehicles
  • Red-Light Violation Warning (RLVW)
  • Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA)
  • Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT)
  • Map Data Message (MAP)