Community Empowerment

Articles

Building school resilience in high-risk disaster zones: Slamet volcano eruption mitigation education and simulation

Agung Nugroho , Dedy Irawan , Lia Mareza , Anggun Pria Wibowo

Published
December 31, 2025

Vol. 10 No. 11 (2025)
Pages 2201-2212

DOI

Open Access
Share

Abstract

Schools located in volcanic disaster-prone areas require high levels of preparedness, yet they are often hindered by a lack of practical training. This community service program aims to enhance the disaster mitigation capacity of the school community at SDN Kecil Munggangsari, Banyumas, situated only 8 km from the summit of Mount Slamet. The implementation utilized a participatory educational approach consisting of two stages: disaster management knowledge transfer and practical self-evacuation simulations for students and teachers. Evaluation results showed a significant surge in disaster literacy and skills. Participants' understanding of mitigation procedures increased from 11% to 100%, while practical simulation experience rose from 6% to 100%. These findings confirm that integrating routine simulations into the educational environment is highly effective in transforming theoretical knowledge into actionable life-saving skills. This program recommends the establishment of a sustainable local mitigation curriculum for schools located in primary volcanic danger zones.

Keywords

Disaster mitigation; Volcanic eruption; School resilience; Mount Slamet

References

  1. Adu-Gyamfi, B., & Shaw, R. (2022). Risk Awareness and Impediments to Disaster Preparedness of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811469
  2. Agastya, I. B. O., Paripurno, E. T., Prastistho, B., Murwanto, H., Prasetya, J. D., & Nugraho, A. R. B. (2024). Model media learning for disaster risk reduction in the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 12(3), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2024.04.005
  3. Aprillya, M. R., Chasanah, U., & Tanjung, G. S. (2024). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana) Melalui Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Pemetaan Bencana Banjir di Desa Sidomulyo, Deket Kabupaten Lamongan. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 30(1), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v30i1.53107
  4. Arifianto, B. D., Utami, C. D., & Muktaf, Z. M. (2025). Layar Merapi: Encouraging disaster preparedness through open-air cinema initiatives in Dukun Subdistrict. Community Empowerment, 10(7), 1630–1641. https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.13763
  5. Asiah, S., Asofi, T. S., Setyowati, D. L., Suharini, E., Hashim, M., & Nayan, N. (2023). Earthquake Disaster Education to Students of Senior High School Using Role Playing Learning Model. International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL), 3(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v3i2.108
  6. Astuti, S. P., Setiawan, E., & Setyaningrum, I. F. (2023). Pendidikan dasar bencana bagi pemuda untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan bencana. Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.20414/transformasi.v19i1.4971
  7. Ayuningtyas, D., Windiarti, S., Sapoan Hadi, M., Fasrini, U. U., & Barinda, S. (2021). Disaster preparedness and mitigation in indonesia: A narrative review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(8), 1536–1546. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i8.6799
  8. Budiarti, S. H., & Rahmasari, A. (2018). Trauma Healing Bagi Masyarakat Lombok Pasca Musibah Gempa Pulau Seribu Masjid. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 2(2), 171. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v0i0.1342
  9. Chen, Y. F., Ma, K. C., Lee, M. H., & Chuang, M. H. (2022). Earthquake Response for Students with Different Severe Degrees of Disabilities: An Investigation of the Special Education Classes in Primary Schools in Taipei. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148750
  10. Çifçi, S., & Kilinç, Z. (2024). The Disaster of the Century: Effects of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes on the Sleep and Mental Health of Healthcare Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111533
  11. Demiröz, K., Kılıç, M., & Demiröz Yıldırım, S. (2025). Post-Traumatic Growth in Volunteers Following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050699
  12. Fahmida, U., Hidayat, A. T., Oka, A. A. S. I., Suciyanti, D., Pathurrahman, P., & Wangge, G. (2022). Effectiveness of an Integrated Nutrition Rehabilitation on Growth and Development of Children under Five Post 2018 Earthquake in East Lombok, Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052814
  13. Fauzan, Hakam, A., Adji, B. M., Ekaputra, R., Narny, Y., Pratama, A. A., Guci, C. M., & Mulyana, A. N. (2024). Kajian Risiko Bencana dan Edukasi Kebencanaan di Kelurahan Limau Manis, Kecamatan Pauh, Kota Pdang, sumatera Barat. Dinamisia Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarkat, 8(6), 1641–1648. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v8i6.24331
  14. Fujimaki, T., Ohno, Y., Tsutsui, A., Inoue, Y., Zha, L., Fujii, M., Tajima, T., Hattori, S., & Sobue, T. (2023). Major Causes of Death among Older Adults after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Retrospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065058
  15. Hafida, S. H. N. (2019). Perubahan Kesiapan Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Berapi. Jupiis: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 11(2), 396. https://doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v11i2.13955
  16. Harahap, A. (2019). Peran Sekolah untuk Meningkatkan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Alam Gunung Meletus pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Namanteran Kabupaten Karo. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
  17. Hayati, & Wirda. (2023). Edukasi Tanggap Bencana Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Mitigasi Bencana Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami di SMPIT Nurul Ishlah Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 29(1), 25–29.
  18. Koem, S., Jaya Lahay, R., K Nasib, S., & Ismail, M. (2021). Best Practice Berbasis Komunitas Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(5), 1255–1263. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v5i5.7259
  19. Kotozaki, Y., Tanno, K., Sakata, K., Otsuka, K., Sasaki, R., Takanashi, N., Satoh, M., Shimizu, A., & Sasaki, M. (2022). Association between Social Isolation and Total Mortality after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Iwate Prefecture: Findings from the TMM CommCohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074343
  20. Kusuma, A., Saputri, A. A., Ayuningtyas, J. I., Susanti, D., Sandy, F., & Suryaningtyas, A. A. (2025). Merapi ceria alert: Early childhood education in disaster-prone areas of Mount Merapi. Community Empowerment, 10(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.12953
  21. Lamjiry, Z. A., & Gifford, R. (2022). Earthquake Threat! Understanding the Intention to Prepare for the Big One. Risk Analysis an Internationak Journal, 42(3), 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13775
  22. Lestari, F., Jibiki, Y., Sasaki, D., Pelupessy, D., Zulys, A., & Imamura, F. (2021). People’s response to potential natural hazard-triggered technological threats after a sudden-onset earthquake in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073369
  23. Leutualy, V., Sumah, D. F., Tasijawa, F. A., Tubalawony, S. L., Sopacua, D. T., Yeslin, V., Herwawan, J. H., Manuhutu, F., & Thenu, A. A. (2023). Gempa Bumi Dan Tsunami. Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri, 7(2), 1847–1856.
  24. Llorente-Marrón, M., Fontanil-Gómez, Y., Díaz-Fernández, M., & García, P. S. (2021). Disasters, gender and hiv infection: The impact of the 2010 haiti earthquake. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137198
  25. Markolinda, Y., Sawirman, S., Ramadani, M., Yusya, F., Husna, N., Azmi, F., Surya, R. F., Taufiqurrahman, R. A., & Panjaitan, M. L. D. B. (2025). Indigenous knowledge for disaster mitigation and climate threats in Mentawai, Indonesia. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v17i1.1877
  26. Muhame, C., Ncube, A., & Bahta, Y. T. (2024). Dissemination and participation in early warnings and disaster risk reduction in South Africa. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 16(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1566
  27. Mukherjee, M., Wickramasinghe, D., Chowdhooree, I., Chimi, C., Poudel, S., Mishra, B., Ali, Z. F., & Shaw, R. (2022). Nature-Based Resilience: Experiences of Five Cities from South Asia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911846
  28. Nugroho, A. (2018). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Meletus Di Sekolah Dasar Lereng Gunung Slamet. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin, 1(2), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.36341/jpm.v1i2.413
  29. Nugroho, A. (2020). Penanaman Karakter Disiplin Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Fundadikdas (Fundamental Pendidikan Dasar), 3(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.12928/fundadikdas.v3i2.2304
  30. Nugroho, A., Hawanti, S., & Pamungkas, B. T. (2021). Kontribusi Orang Tua Dalam Pendampingan Belajar Siswa Selama Masa Pandemi. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(4), 1690–1699. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i4.969
  31. Nugroho, A., Irawan, D., & Wibowo, A. P. (2025). Pengetahuan Mitigasi Bencana ditinjau dari Aspek Kearifan Lokal dan Keilmuan Warga Dusun Kalipagu. Media Komunikasi Geografi, 26(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v26i1.88025
  32. Nugroho, A., Muryaningsih, S., Mareza, L., Muslim, A. H., & Irawan, D. (2023). Peningkatan Kapasitas Warga Sekolah Di Kawasan Rawan Bencana Dalam Mengurangi Risiko Bencana Gunung Api. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 7(5), 4344. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v7i5.16963
  33. Nuriman, N., Agustiningsih, A., Mahmudi, K., Wardoyo, A. A., Wardani, R. P., & Barif, Z. A. (2022). Edukasi Pendidikan Mitigasi Erupsi Gunung Semeru pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(6), 9958–9966. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i6.4180
  34. Nurjanah, A., Iswanto, I., & Prawoto, N. (2022). Empowerment of the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (FPRB) through communication monitoring tools for cold lava floods in Sumber Village, Magelang Regency. Community Empowerment, 7(2), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.5187
  35. Oshiro, K., Tanioka, Y., Schweizer, J., Zafren, K., Brugger, H., & Paal, P. (2022). Prevention of Hypothermia in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters in Areas at Risk of Avalanches, Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Floods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031098
  36. Petrović, Z. K., Peraica, T., Blažev, M., & Kozarić-KovaÄić, D. (2025). The Impact of Prolonged Stress of Covid-19 Pandemic and Earthquakes on Internet-Based Addictive Behaviour and Quality of Life in Croatia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101587
  37. Pradana, E. W., Sangadji, S., & Rifai, M. (2021). Mewujudkan resiliensi masyarakat terhadap bencana gempa bumi melalui edukasi hunian tahan gempa. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat …, 5(6), 4–12.
  38. Putra, M. J. A., Natuna, D. A., Syaflita, D., Arianto, J., Tiana, E. A., & Suryana, D. (2024). Elementary teachers’ understanding of pedagogical content knowledge analysis disaster mitigation: stories from Indonesia. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education , 13(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i1.24642
  39. Raccanello, D., Burro, R., & Hall, R. (2017). Children’s emotional experience two years after an earthquake: An exploration of knowledge of earthquakes and associated emotions. PLoS ONE, 12(12), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189633
  40. Rachman, T., Zubair, M., Alie, M., & Husain, F. (2023). Mitigasi Risiko Berbasis Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Kawasan Wisata Pantai Anging Mamiri Kota Makassar. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 29(2), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v29i2.42641
  41. Rahiem, M. D. H., & Widiastuti, F. (2020). Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencana Alam Gempa Bumi untuk Anak Usia Dini melalui Buku Bacaan Bergambar. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.519
  42. Restu, & Priyo, M. (2020). Mengukur Tingkat Kesiapsiagaan Anggota PKK RT. 05 Desa Banyuraden dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(3), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v4i3.4115
  43. Rodrigo, C., Rubio, G., Katsuya, Y., Genta, N., Rafael Humberto, M. C., Jorge Antonio, O. T., Ana Paola, Ã. Z., Sergio, S. A., René Mario, F. R., & Astrid Renneé, P. G. (2024). Theoretical and practical considerations in the creation of a disaster risk reduction educational strategy at the primary education level: A case study of Mexico city. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104320
  44. Samad, M. A., Arifin, K., & Abas, A. (2025). A systematic literature review on the challenges of Southeast Asian countries in natural disaster management. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2435590
  45. Setiawan, C., Lestariningsih, D. S., & Prananingrum, E. N. (2024). The Impact Socialization of Fire Disaster Mitigation to Increasing Student ’ s Knowledge at Muttaqien Junior High School Dampak Sosialisasi Mitigasi Bencana Kebakaran Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa di SMP Muttaqien. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 8(1), 175–181.
  46. Setyowati, D. L., Juhadi, Pratiwi, E. S., Yohanes, K. D. I. A. P., & Rahma, A. (2021). Assistance of Disaster Preparedness Village Through Landslide Disaster Education. Journal of Character Education Society, 4(1), 573–582.
  47. Sodeyama, N., Takahashi, S., Aiba, M., Haraguchi, Y., Arai, T., & Tachikawa, H. (2022). A Comparison of Mental Health among Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Power Plant Accident Survivors in the Long Term after the Great East Japan Earthquake. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114072
  48. Stix, J., & Heiken, G. (2022). Communication when it is needed most—the past, present and future of volcano geoheritage. Bulletin of Volcanology, 84(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01574-4
  49. Suarmika, P. E., Putu Arnyana, I. B., Suastra, I. W., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2022). Reconstruction of disaster education: The role of indigenous disaster mitigation for learning in Indonesian elementary schools. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 72, 102874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102874
  50. Suartama, I. K., Triwahyuni, E., Abbas, S., Hastuti, W. D., Usman, M., Subiyantoro, Si., Umar, & Solehudin, M. (2020). Development of E-learning oriented inquiry learning based on character education in multimedia course. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(4), 1591–1603. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.4.1591
  51. Subekti, P., Bajari, A., Sugiana, D., & Hafiar, H. (2022). Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kebencanaan Masyarakat Pangandaran Dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Tahan Bencana. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(2), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v6i2.8203
  52. Sugara, A. S., Kusuma, F. H. D., & Sutriningsih, A. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Menghadapi Erupsi Gunung Kelud Pada Fase Mitigasi. Nursing News, 3(1), 448–458.
  53. Suku, Y. L., Wora, M., Radja, V. M., A. S, T. A., Nissanson, M. Y., Siso, S. M., & Ari, E. A. (2022). Optimalisasi Mitigasi Bahaya Gempa Bumi Melalui Penyuluhan Rumah Tahan Gempa Di Kelurahan Rewarangga Selatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 6(2), 1030. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v6i2.6970
  54. Syamsidik, Oktari, R. S., Nugroho, A., Fahmi, M., Suppasri, A., Munadi, K., & Amra, R. (2021). Fifteen years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Aceh-Indonesia: Mitigation, preparedness and challenges for a long-term disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 54, 102052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102052
  55. Triantoro, D. A., Nafisah, R., Husna, F., Syam, F., Syahrani, R. A., Fitri, A., Asgha, A. Y., Nova, M. A., & Ridha, I. (2023). Enhancing disaster communication literacy based on traditional games among West Aceh students. Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 19(2), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.20414/transformasi.v19i2.8642
  56. Tsuboi, M., Hibiya, M., Tsuboi, R., Taguchi, S., Yasaka, K., Kiyota, K., & Sakisaka, K. (2022). Analysis of Disaster-Related Deaths in the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Retrospective Observational Study Using Data from Ishinomaki City, Miyagi, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074087
  57. Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Zapata-Castro, L. E., Domínguez-Troncos, H., García-Vicente, A., León-Figueroa, D. A., Zila-Velasque, J. P., Grados-Espinoza, P., Astudillo-Rueda, D., Peralta, C. I., & Díaz-Vélez, C. (2022). Mental Health Disturbance after a Major Earthquake in Northern Peru: A Preliminary, Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148357
  58. Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Zapata-Castro, L. E., Peralta, C. I., García-Vicente, A., Astudillo-Rueda, D., León-Figueroa, D. A., & Díaz-Vélez, C. (2022). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after the 6.1 Magnitude Earthquake in Piura, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711035
  59. Wahyuni, S., & Efastri, S. M. (2023). Mitigasi Bencana Hidrologi Banjir Untuk Anak Usia Dini Di Tk Negeri Pembina Kampar. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(6), 1597–1601. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v7i6.16917
  60. Wijayanti, P., Noviani, R., Koesuma, S., Wibowo, Y. A., Nirwansyah, A. W., Wardhani, P. I., Hafida, S. H., Sriyanto, S., Andriani, A., & Muzaqi, F. (2025). Evaluating hazard, vulnerability, and capacity through local knowledge for volcano risk reduction. Jà mbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v17i1.1876
  61. Wirmando, W., Patarru’, F., & Saranga’, J. L. (2022). Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Banjir Melalui Edukasi Dan Simulasi Menggunakan Tabletop Disasster Exercise. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 6(3), 2166. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v6i3.8244
  62. Xu, D., Liu, Y., Deng, X., Qing, C., Zhuang, L., Yong, Z., & Huang, K. (2019). Earthquake disaster risk perception process model for rural households: A pilot study from southwestern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224512
  63. Yuandi, I. A., Amir, A. A., Syahib, M. I., Masri, F., & Saputra, S. R. (2024). Mitigating land fire disasters: Implementation of agricultural land fire risk management information system in Aunupe Village, South Konawe Regency. Community Empowerment, 9(2), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.10361
  64. Zhao, L., Xu, G., Cui, Y., Kong, F., Gao, H., & Zhou, X. (2023). Post-Disaster Restoration and Reconstruction Assessment of the Jiuzhaigou Lake Landscape and a Resilience Development Pathway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053957
  65. Zheng, X., Feng, C., & Ishiwatari, M. (2022). Examining the Indirect Death Surveillance System of The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912351
Article Metrics
31
Views
33
Downloads

SCITE

DIMENSIONS

Publication Information
Published December 31, 2025
Section Articles
Copyright Copyright (c) 2025 Agung Nugroho, Dedy Irawan, Lia Mareza, Anggun Pria Wibowo
Keywords
  • Disaster mitigation
  • Volcanic eruption
  • School resilience
  • Mount Slamet