Paedagogie

Articles

The Role of the KL-YES Program as a Catalyst for Intercultural Dialogue in Promoting Tolerance

Amelia Widiyanti , Intan Eryantini

Abstract

Amid globalization and cultural polarization, the Kennedy-Lugar Youth Exchange and Study (KL-YES) program emerges as a vital tool for fostering intercultural dialogue and tolerance among Indonesian youth in the US. This study aims to analyze KL-YES's role in intercultural dialogue, identify adaptation factors for Indonesian participants, and explore challenges with coping strategies. Employing a qualitative approach with phenomenology and narrative inquiry designs, the research targeted the 2025-2026 KL-YES cohort population, using purposive sampling for four key informants in New York, Colorado, Alaska, and Rochester. Data were gathered via in-depth semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and documentation, analyzed through thematic analysis with manual iterative coding. Results reveal KL-YES facilitates transformative dialogue in host families and schools, dismantling stereotypes via peer social capital, shared resilience, and religious identity visibility, despite pragmatic language barriers and cultural dissonance overcome by radical transparency. In conclusion, KL-YES builds global resilience and grassroots diplomacy, validating Intergroup Contact Theory and DMIS, with recommendations for reflective pre-departure training.

Keywords

Adaptation Strategies; Intercultural Competence; Intergroup Contact; KL-YES Program; Tolerance Promotion

References

  1. AFS Indonesia. (2023). Selection process and intercultural learning programs. Bina Antarbudaya. https://afsindonesia.org/programs/yes-program/
  2. Al-Hoorie, A. S., Hiver, P., Kim, T. Y., & Rost-Banik, C. (2023). The identity development of Muslim students in Western contexts: A longitudinal study of resilience and
  3. Adaptation. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 22(4), 312–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2021.1986396
  4. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  5. American Councils for International Education. (2023). KL-YES program impact report: Building mutual understanding through youth exchange. https://www.americancouncils.org/programs/kennedy-lugar-yes
  6. Arit, M., Chiu, Y., & Ulya, N. (2024). Comparative analysis of Indonesian and American secondary education: Critical thinking and classroom participation. Journal of Global Education, 12(2), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/jge.2024.112
  7. Barkhuizen, G. (2020). Narrative inquiry in language teaching and learning research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315641461
  8. Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 21–71). Intercultural Press.
  9. Bennett, M. J. (2023). Developmental model of intercultural sensitivity (DMIS) (Rev. ed.). Intercultural Development Research Institute. https://www.idrinstitute.org/dmis/
  10. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529799576
  11. Byram, M. (2021). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence: Revisited (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788926201
  12. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  13. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2024). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506361178
  14. Cull, N. J. (2019). Public diplomacy: Foundations for global engagement in the digital age. Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119530510
  15. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483349800
  16. Dewaele, J. M. (2022). The emotional weight of foreign language anxiety and cognitive fatigue in intercultural communication. Modern Language Journal, 106(2), 450–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12782
  17. El-Asri, A., & El Karfa, A. (2024). Intercultural dialogue as a tool for social cohesion: A contemporary perspective. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 98(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101890
  18. Hofstede, G. J., Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. (2020). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.https://doi.org/10.1036/0071439595
  19. Hopkins, P. (2016). Gendering Muslim identities: Confusion, obfuscation and empowerment. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(2), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2015.1051566
  20. Israel, M., & Hay, I. (2024). Research ethics for social scientists (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526402240
  21. Jackson, J. (2019). Introducing language and intercultural communication (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351239103
  22. Karimova, A., Octavina, R., & Sustarsic, M. (2024). Evaluating cultural intelligence (CQ) growth in KL-YES program participants. Intercultural Research Journal, 22(3), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irj.2024.01.005
  23. Kinginger, C. (2009). Language learning and study abroad: A critical reading of research. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230240766
  24. Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon Press. http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/principles_and_practice.pdf
  25. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
  26. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  27. Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
  28. Nuraeni, C., & Setyono, B. (2021). The Hijab as a Bridge: Negotiating Religious and
  29. National Identity among Indonesian Exchange Students. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v11i1.34659
  30. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  31. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.
  32. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
  33. Punch, K. F. (2014). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  34. Smith, R. A., & Khawaja, N. G. (2020). A review of the acculturation experiences of
  35. international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 78(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.04.004
  36. Tanasy, H., Zakir, M., & Taylor, P. (2023). Orientation Programs and Their Role in Cultural Adjustment Indonesian Educational Review, 11(4), 289–307.
  37. https://doi.org/10.17509/ier.v11i4.55210
  38. UNESCO. (2017). Intercultural dialogue: A review of conceptual and policy frameworks. UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245238
  39. Varela, O. E. (2020). The development of intercultural competence through study abroad programs. Journal of International Students, 10(2), 430–445.
  40. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i2.1156
  41. Zakir, M., & Tanasy, H. (2022). Cross-cultural adaptation of Indonesian students in the United States. Educational Press.