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Penerapan Problem Based Learning Berbasis STEM untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa SMP di Era Abad 21

Muhammad Bayu Prayoga , Isnaeni Umi Machromah

Published
27 March 2026

Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Pages 1685-1698

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Open Access
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Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the extent to which the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with the STEM approach has an impact on the mathematical reasoning abilities of junior high school students, particularly in the subject of Two-Variable Linear Equation Systems (SPLDV). This study applied a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research subjects were divided into two class groups, namely class VIII B as the experimental group that received learning through the STEM-based PBL model, while class VIII A acted as the control group that followed the learning process using conventional methods. The data collection tool used was an essay-type test, which was used to evaluate the level of students' mathematical reasoning abilities through the implementation of a pretest and posttest. Data processing and analysis were carried out using a series of statistical tests, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, Independent Sample t-tests, Paired Sample t-tests, and N-Gain calculations to determine the level of improvement in learning outcomes. The research findings showed that the average posttest scores of students in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. Based on the results of the Independent Sample t-test, it was found that there was a significant difference in mathematical reasoning ability between the two groups. Meanwhile, the results of the Paired Sample t-test indicated a significant increase in mathematical reasoning ability in the experimental group after the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model combined with the STEM approach. In addition, the N-Gain calculation results show that the level of improvement in mathematical reasoning ability in the experimental group is categorized as less effective, although the improvement value is still higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the application of the STEM-based PBL model can be considered as an alternative learning strategy that has the potential to help develop students' mathematical reasoning abilities

Keywords

Problem-Based Learning; STEM; Mathematical Reasoning Skills; Mathematics Learning; SPLDV

References

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  15. Putri, D. K., Sulianto, J., & Azizah, M. (2019). Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah. 3(3), 351–357.
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  17. Rahmadhani, Fitri, S., Heleni, S., & Yuanita, P. (2024). Sigma : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Implementasi model problem based learning untuk pendahuluan mengembangkan kemampuan untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah matematika yang pembelajaran dan harus dimiliki oleh setiap peserta didik , dengan harapan peserta. 16, 544–556.
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  22. Adiwiguna, P. S., Dantes, N., & Gunamantha, I. M. (2019). Pengaruh model Problem Based learning (PBL) berorientasi STEM terhadap kemampuan berfikir kritis dan literasi sains siswa kelas V SD digugus 1 gusti ketut pudja. 3(2), 94–103.
  23. Anggraini, N., Nazip, K., Amizera, S., & Destiansari, E. (2022). Yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 7,832 (>t. 5, 121–129.
  24. Babalola, E. O., & Keku, E. (2024). Ethno-STEM integrated Project-Based Learning to improve students ’ creative thinking skills. 1(2), 116–130.
  25. Creswell. (2022). No Title.
  26. Faoziyah, N. (2021). Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Melalui Pendekatan STEM Berbasis PBL. 11(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.5035/pjme.v11i1.3942
  27. Hendikawati, P., & Nugroho, S. (2018). Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematik dan Percaya Diri Siswa Kelas X Melalui Model Discovery Learning. 1, 656–662.
  28. Iolanessa, L., Kaniawati, I., & Nugraha, M. G. (2020). Pengaruh model Problem Based Learning (PBL) menggunakan pendekatan STEM dalam meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah siswa. 5(1), 113–117.
  29. Krajcik, J., & Delen, İ. (2017). Engaging learners in STEM education. 5(5), 35–58.
  30. Lestari, P., Mardiyana, & Slamet, I. (n.d.). 77-Article Text-352-1-10-20221228.pdf.
  31. Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., & Hooper, M. (2015). TIMSS 2015 International Results in Mathematics.
  32. Mutia, M., Kartono, K., Dwijanto, D., & Wijayanti, K. (2015). Peran Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis dan Penalaran Analogi dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Guna Memenuhi Tuntutan Perkembangan Abad 21. 741–749.
  33. Purnama, R. N., Cahyani, R., Saefuloh, N. A., Studi, P., Matematika, P., & Nusantara, U. I. (2024). Implementasi model Problem Based Learning terintegrasi. 09(01), 26–31.
  34. Putri, C. K., & Juandi, D. (2023). Implementasi STEM ( Science , Technology , Engineering , and Mathematics ) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis dan Penalaran Matematis. 11(2), 350–359.
  35. Putri, D. K., Sulianto, J., & Azizah, M. (2019). Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah. 3(3), 351–357.
  36. Qomariyah, S. N., Supartini, S., Ansoriah, A., Minawati, F., Serevina, M., Permana, T. J., & Damayanti, F. (2025). Implementasi Problem-Based Learning Untuk Mengembangkan Berpikir Kritis dan Pemecahan Masalah Sains Siswa Abad ke-21. 4(2), 9801–9814.
  37. Rahmadhani, Fitri, S., Heleni, S., & Yuanita, P. (2024). Sigma : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Implementasi model problem based learning untuk pendahuluan mengembangkan kemampuan untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah matematika yang pembelajaran dan harus dimiliki oleh setiap peserta didik , dengan harapan peserta. 16, 544–556.
  38. Rahmayanti, N., Pasaribu, Tiona, F., Gustiningsi, T., & Nusantara, Sapta, D. (2025). Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA. 15(September), 948–960.
  39. Shidqi, A. R., Hardiansyah, F., & Astuti, Y. P. (n.d.). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ( PBL ) Berbasis STEM terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa di Sekolah Dasar. 0738(3), 511–517.
  40. Sugiyono. (2019). No Title.
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Publication Information
Published 27 March 2026
Section Articles
Copyright Copyright (c) 2026 Paedagogie
Keywords
  • Problem-Based Learning
  • STEM
  • Mathematical Reasoning Skills
  • Mathematics Learning
  • SPLDV